COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE TO SHIPPING FROM CHINA TO THE UNITED STATES

Shipping Methods & Transit Times

  • Air Freight: 1 day 

  • Sea Freight: US West Coast: 15-18 days, US East Coast: 30 days

Sea Freight from China to the U.S.

Estimated Costs:

  • LCL (Less than Container Load): USD 80/CBM

  • 20ft container (FCL): USD 1000

  • 40ft container (FCL): USD1500-2000

Note: Ocean freight rates fluctuate. For the most up-to-date pricing, please contact us. Once you submit a request, we’ll send you a detailed quotation within 24 hours.

Key Factors Influencing Rates:

  • Seasonality: Costs tend to rise during peak periods (holidays, shopping seasons, and stockpiling times).

  • Route selection: Different shipping lanes and transshipment ports affect pricing.

  • Container type: 20ft, 40ft, and 40ft HQ containers are priced differently.

  • Cargo type: Dangerous goods, refrigerated cargo, and other special shipments often require additional surcharges.

Major Ports:

  • China: Shenzhen, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Tianjin, Ningbo

  • U.S. West Coast:

    • Port of Los Angeles – the largest port in the U.S., mainly handling containerized cargo.

    • Port of Long Beach – adjacent to Los Angeles, the nation’s second-busiest container port.

    • Seattle–Tacoma (Northwest Seaport Alliance) – key trade gateway for the Pacific Northwest.

    • Port of Oakland – main hub for the San Francisco Bay Area, handling significant Asia–U.S. trade.

  • U.S. East Coast:

    • Port of New York & New Jersey – largest on the East Coast, handling containers, petroleum, autos, and more.

    • Port of Savannah – one of the busiest in the Southeast with high container throughput.

    • Port of Charleston – a key hub for containers and automobile exports.

Air Freight from China to the U.S.

Estimated Costs: USD2.5-2.9/KG

Cost Drivers:

  • Chargeable weight: Airlines charge by actual or volumetric weight (L×W×H ÷ 6000/5000). Bulky light cargo may cost more than dense cargo.

  • Routes & destinations: Direct flights are pricier than transit routes; remote or restricted destinations also cost more.

  • Fuel prices: Oil price fluctuations affect airline fuel surcharges.

  • Airline policies: Security fees, handling fees, dangerous goods surcharges, and oversized cargo charges vary.

  • Customs & clearance: Export clearance in China and import clearance in the U.S. add to total costs.

  • Seasonality: Prices rise during peak demand (Black Friday, Christmas, Singles’ Day) and drop in off-peak periods.

  • Special cargo: Hazardous goods, perishables, and temperature-sensitive shipments require special handling.

Major Airports:

  • China: Shanghai Pudong (PVG), Beijing Capital (PEK), Guangzhou Baiyun (CAN), Hong Kong (HKG), Shenzhen Bao’an (SZX)

  • U.S.:

    • Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta (ATL) – one of the busiest airports globally, Delta’s main hub.

    • Los Angeles (LAX) – the largest U.S. West Coast gateway to Asia and Europe.

    • Chicago O’Hare (ORD) – third-busiest U.S. airport, hub for United and American Airlines.

    • Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW) – American Airlines’ headquarters and a major Southern hub.

    • New York JFK – one of the most important U.S. international gateways, linking Europe, Asia, and Latin America.

Export & Import Taxes

In China (Export Stage)
  • VAT refund: Exporters may apply for VAT refunds after shipment, reducing costs.

  • Export duties: Most goods are exempt, though certain products may require duties or permits.

  • Other fees: Inspections and quarantine fees may apply depending on product type.

In the U.S. (Import Stage)
  1. Tariffs:

    • MFN Tariff: Standard WTO member rates under HTSUS.

    • Anti-dumping duties (AD): Imposed on goods sold below fair market value.

    • Countervailing duties (CVD): Applied when foreign governments subsidize exports.

    • Additional tariffs: Section 301 (China tariffs), Section 232 (steel/aluminum), etc.

  2. Excise Taxes:

    • Levied on goods like alcohol, tobacco, and fuel (rates vary by product type).

  3. Sales/Use Taxes:

    • No federal VAT in the U.S., but some states charge use tax (similar to sales tax, usually 4%–10%).

  4. Customs Fees:

    • Merchandise Processing Fee (MPF): 0.3464% of declared value (min $29.66, max $575.35).

    • Harbor Maintenance Fee (HMF): 0.125% on ocean imports.

  5. State & Local Taxes:

    • Some states impose additional taxes aligned with their sales tax.

Reference: U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) and U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) websites provide detailed HTSUS codes and rates.

U.S. Anti-Dumping Duties on Chinese Goods

  • Chemicals & industrial materials:

    • Alkyl phosphate esters: 247.29% (2024 ruling)

    • Epoxy resins: 344.45%

    • High-pressure cylinders: 6.62%–32.21%

  • Renewables & solar products:

    • Polysilicon & wafers: 50% + Section 301 duties

    • Solar modules/cells: up to 60% (combination of Section 201, 301, AD, and CVD duties)

  • Metals & building materials:

    • Tungsten products: 25% (from Jan 2025)

    • Plywood: 63.96%

    • Tin-plated steel: 122.5%

    • Steel pipe fittings: 182.9%

    • Copper tubing: 60.5%

  • Consumer & industrial goods:

    • Quartz countertops: AD 341.29% + CVD 45.32%–190.99%

    • Tires: 19.17%–87.99%

    • Laminate flooring: 58.84%

Key Trend: The U.S. often stacks multiple tariffs (201, 301, AD, CVD), raising effective duty rates. Since 2024, similar anti-dumping probes have also expanded to Southeast Asian countries.

Business Strategies:

  • Use transshipment through Southeast Asia to qualify for new certificates of origin.

  • Adjust product specs to meet U.S. certification standards, reducing compliance risks.

  • Always verify HS codes and tariff rates on the USITC website.

Step-by-Step Shipping Process

  1. Prepare cargo & documents

    • Ensure compliance with U.S. standards for safety, health, and quality.

    • Gather invoices, packing lists, contracts, certificates of origin, and special licenses.

    • Some goods require pre-filing documents before departure.

  2. Choose transport & arrange logistics

    • Select sea or air freight based on cargo type, volume, and urgency.

    • Partner with experienced freight forwarders and customs brokers.

  3. Import Security Filing (ISF)

    • Mandatory before cargo leaves a Chinese port.

    • HS codes must be accurate, as they determine duty rates and required documents.

  4. Customs inspection & duty payment

    • U.S. Customs may conduct random or full inspections.

    • Duties and taxes must be paid before release.

    • Missing or incorrect documents can delay clearance.

  5. Release & final delivery

    • Cargo may be held in bonded warehouses at U.S. ports/airports.

    • Once cleared, importers or logistics providers arrange final delivery.